Evidence-Based Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Evidence-Based Practice - Essay Example In the field of nursing and medicine, the already existing medical knowledge is undergoing advances with every passing minute. For that matter, it is important for a student nurse or a practicing one to be in touch with these developments and a feasible way for that is research conduction. It not only broadens the horizon for the researcher but also if the conducted research is good enough it proves to be a useful tool for fellow professionals in the setting.  Mosby’s Medical Dictionary (2009) defines Evidence-Based Practice as health care practice in which the practitioner, be it the doctor, nurse or any other healthcare professional, finds sifts through and then uses the latest and appropriate research findings for his clinical decision making. The evidence-based practice has been integrated with almost all professions including medicine, nursing, psychiatry, law etc. With the ever improving sophistication of professional dealings, the responsibility increases on the shoul ders of a nurse, a doctor or any other professional for that matter, to provide the best possible quality of service. This is where evidence based practice comes into play. By developing patient centered approaches in the delivery of quality care using the latest evidence available, evidence based care can be implemented in nursing practice (Emanuel, et al. 2011).  Field and Lohr (1992) define clinical practice guidelines as statements which are developed systematically in order to assist practitioners and patients alike in their decision making regarding requisite health care for various scenarios.  The aim of these statements is to define the role of specific modalities of both diagnostic and therapeutic value for the management of patients. Formation of these guidelines involves a lot of research and evidence based study established on published medical literature.  

The Manipulation of Language used in Brave New World and Animal Farm Essay

The Manipulation of Language used in Brave New World and Animal Farm - Essay Example In doing so, there is chaos and disturbance which gives the reader an apocalyptic image of the world. For example, in Brave New World the society is made to conform to a certain culture and belief system. It is trained into believing that everyone is destined to be in the role that they have been placed into, by influence as the Director of Hatcheries in the novel puts it: "that is the secret of happiness and virtue - liking what you've got to do. All conditioning aims at that: making people like their inescapable social destiny.† (Huxley, Ch. 1. 1946). The Director of Hatcheries uses his language to keep all the lower classes content with what they had and to explain to them that that was the only way that they could lead a life. Mustapha Mond believes that the future idealistic world will consist of conditioned and processed humans who will submit to the social conventionality. Hence, he governs a very surreal image of humans who are driven away from books and obliged to chas e after science. Mond uses his knowledge of the Bible and language of Shakespeare to control a totalitarian state. He makes language a paradox for others, so much so that when John quotes the words from The Tempest, â€Å"brave new world†, there is more hostility involved in it than awe because Mustapha Mond creates the World State to look at things in such a manner. Likewise, the language of the pigs becomes ridiculously elitist, controlling, incoherent and a meandering discourse when they speak. This technique highlights the usurpation of power as one of the dominant themes of the novel. The language controls the reality. The linguistic skills of the pigs overpower the undersized language of the rest of the animals. The novel opens with the narrative that quickly ascertains the dominance of language through the speech of old Major who â€Å"was so highly regarded on the farm that everyone was quite ready to lose an hour’s sleep in order to hear what he had to sayâ⠂¬  (Orwell, Ch.1. 1954). This sets an authoritative and paternal language structure which is hammered into the other animals like a mandatory act or law even after his death: â€Å"Our lives are miserable, laborious and short. We are born, we are given just so much food as will keep the breath in our bodies, and those of us who are capable of it are forced to work to the  last atom of our strength; and the very instant that our usefulness has come to an end we are slaughtered with hideous cruelty. No animal in England knows the meaning of happiness or leisure after he is a year old. No animal in England is free. The life of an animal is misery and slavery: that is the plain truth. But is this simply part of the order of nature?† (Orwell, Ch.1. 1954) This is probably the most ironic speech in the novel. What Old Major believes he and his fellow animal kingdom has witnessed about humans, the animals have to undergo under the pigs’ rule after Old Major’s depart ure. When Orwell says â€Å"The great enemy of clear language is insincerity† (Orwell, PE, 1947, para 13) he means precisely under these circumstances. He emphasizes that dictatorship ruins the language of a particular region according to history. The pigs are insincere towards their fellow

Entrepreneurial Marketing And Marketing In Small Firms

Entrepreneurial Marketing And Marketing In Small Firms Introduction: Researchers widely agree that marketing in small firms differ from that of their larger counterparts (e.g. Fillis, 2002; Gilmore et al., 2001; Hill, 2001a; Coviello et al., 2000.) Stokes (2000) adds that in small firms, marketing is used for the needs of the moment and only little attention is paid to plans, strategies and analysis. They are close to their markets, have great flexibility which they value (Evans and Moutinho, 1999), have the capacity to operate on slim margins, and can instigate decisions quickly (Rogers, 1990). The marketing function in SMEs is hindered by constraints such as poor cash flow, lack of marketing expertise, business size, tactical customer-related problems, and strategic customer-related problems (Doole et al., 2006; Chaston, 1998; Carson, 1985). Yet, despite such restrictions, SMEs successfully use marketing to generate sales (Guersen, 1997; Romano and Ratnatunga, 1995). Motwani, Jiang and Kumar (1998) highlight the differing operational priorities of small firms, (as compared with larger organisations), and synopsise small firm characteristics as follows: On the one hand, small firms are believed to have an edge over larger firms in flexibility, innovation, and overhead costs, while on the other, they are limited by the amount of market power, capital and managerial resources. Despite the differences, it has been noted that the basic marketing concepts, such as segmentation, customer orientation, targeting, positioning and seeking for competitive advantage apply to small as well as to large enterprises (Hogarth-Scott et al., 1996). Scholars note that both marketing theories and entrepreneurship theory privilege the notion of value creation, that is, the notion that elements are combined in a manner that results in the provision of value to the user (Morris et al., 2002). Marketing has much to offer the study of entrepreneurship (Murray 1981; Hills 1987) and likewise entrepreneurship can look to marketing as the key function within the firm, which can encompass innovation and creativity. Omura et al. (1993) perceive the interface between the two disciplines as having distinct areas of both difference and overlap. The differences are between traditional marketing, which operates in a consistent environment, where marketing conditions are continuous. And the firm is satisfying clearly perceived customer needs and pure entrepreneurship, which operates in an uncertain environment, where market conditions are discontinuous and the needs of market are as yet unclear. The overlap exists in two areas; one where market c onditions are continuous and entrepreneurship aids the process of identifying as yet unperceived needs and secondly in a discontinuous market where entrepreneurship guides marketing strategy to develop existing needs in a new environment. Elaine Collinson and Eleanor Shaw (2001) marketing and entrepreneurship have three key areas of interface; they are both change focused, opportunistic in nature and innovative in their approach to management. Conceptual Framework: During the last 60 years marketing thought has experienced several changes. It has evolved from production and sales centered into customer and relationship focused marketing. Instead of short-term individual transactions marketers have started to value long-lasting relationships. Interaction has proven to be more efficient than one-way communication and it has been realised that marketing is not a task of just marketing department but the whole organisation (See Gro ¨nroos, 2006.) There is no clear or unifying definition or theory of marketing in SMEs. (Simpson et al., 2006.). Motwani, Jiang and Kumar (1998) highlight the differing operational priorities of small firms, (as compared with larger organisations), and synopsise small firm characteristics as follows (p. 8): On the one hand, small firms are believed to have an edge over larger firms in flexibility, innovation, and overhead costs, while on the other, they are limited by the amount of market power, capital and managerial resources. Small firms typically have limited impact in their given markets, and limited network access (Me Gaughey, 1998). Barnes (2001) identified several drivers that enhance closeness between the small firm and the customer. These drivers include: knowing the customer personally, feeling of locality, easy accessibility, lack of bureaucracy and concentration on long-term profitability. In the context of small firms, customer orientation is a concept, which comprises customer understanding orientation and customer satisfaction focus. It seems that adoption of customer orientation may enhance the performance of small firms. It is argued small firms with higher degree of customer orientation are likely to be more profitable than their less customer-oriented counterparts. (Appiah-Adu and Singh, 1998.) Marketing in SMEs continues to evolve throughout the life-cycle of the enterprise in response to new product and market demands, while satisfying customer requirements, taking into consideration the inherent characteristics and behaviours of the owner/manager, and the size and life-cycle stage of the firm (Gilmore et al., 2001; Carson, 1993). In small enterprises, the entrepreneurs have pivotal roles in marketing. The marketing practices seem to rely on their personal contacts and are often driven by the certain way they do business (Simpson et al., 2006). They depend also on owner-managers attitude to, experience of and expertise in marketing (McCartan-Quinn and Carson, 2003). Traditionally some marketing approaches concentrate on the marketing mix. However, instead of focusing on the traditional marketing paradigm of the 4Ps (product, price, place and promotion), or the 7Ps adopted by service marketing (product, price, place, promotion, people, process and physical evidence), entrepreneurs stress the importance of promotion and word-of-mouth, and have identi ¬Ã‚ ed one of the unique selling points of their business as the nature of their personal contact with customers and their focus on the four Is (Information, Identi ¬Ã‚ cation, Innovation and Interaction) (Stokes, 2000). Typically small firms will have higher levels of creditors relative to stocks and total assets and lower levels of retained profit than larger organisations (Chittenden and Bragg, 1997). Bird (1992) and Burns (1996) offer an insight into the differing perspectives of the small business owner/manager and the bank manager. This is the situation in which, in order to obtain additional funding from the bank, the businessman agrees to provide regularly to the bank manager cash-flow forecasts, lists of outstanding debtors/ creditors and other means to evaluate assets and liabilities. The result is that valuable time must be spent with the bank manager (who probably has no hands-on experience of running a business like yours) while he tells you what you can and cannot do (Bird, 1992, p. 4). The bank manager gains little from the success of the business but stands to lose a lot if it fails (Burns, 1996, p. 186). Small business success is dependent not only on the presence of products and markets, but also on the efficacious marketing of those products within those markets (Smith, 1990). While the underlying principles of mar- keting are equally applicable to large and small firms alike, a lack of sophisticated marketing is perceived to be problematic for smaller firms (Cromie, 1991). Within the small firm, the boundary between marketing and selling becomes very blurred, as most small firms marketing takes place during the selling process (Oakey, 1991) and for many small firm owner/ managers the perception is that selling is marketing. Kuratka (1995), entrepreneurship is an area which is relevant to both small and large firms the reason why it is so often associated with small and medium enterprises is that, firstly entrepreneurial activity is often more visible in the smaller firm an secondly, when firms experience growth it can be difficult to sustain an entrepreneurial focus in a multi layered management structure. In addition to organizational structure, the entrepreneurial personality has direct effect on the way in which management is undertaken (Chell, 1986). Entrepreneurs, by their nature, will focus on various opportunities at once and are not easily convinced by the sequential, structured approach to management, which is the focus of most management/ marketing texts (OBrien and Hart, 1999). A lack of capital is frequently the main deterrent to the prospective entrepreneur (Karger, 1981) with undercapitalisation recognised as a major weakness of many new and small firms (Barber and Manger, 1997), often leading to their demise (Job, 1983). Growth issues and the subsequent impact on resources and skill requirements is a key area of current research in entrepreneurial marketing activity (Collinson and Quinn, 1999). Hills et al. (2008) recently investigated the evolution and development of this scholarship and found that indeed, marketing among entrepreneurs deviates from mainstream marketing. Carson (1993, p. 12) describes EM as the experience, knowledge, communication abilities and judgment of the owner-manager, key competencies on which marketing effectiveness depends, while Zontanos and Anderson (2004) offer the four Ps: person, process, purpose, and practices, as a better frame for understanding marketing in entrepreneurial firms. Less formal organisational structures, such as those within SMEs, have been identified as being conducive to innovation, as they encourage a corporate culture which enables participation, networking, inclusion, and experimentation throughout the organisation (Johne and Davies, 2000; Carroll, 2002). Moreover, the environmental uncertainties and challenges faced by SMEs may prompt an innovative response to establish competitive advantage (Ashford and Towers, 2001; McAdam et al., 2000). Burns and Harrison (1996) reiterate that the reason for starting the business is the key differentiator between the small business owner/manager and the entrepreneur, a view which is compatible with Burns (1996), who distinguishes between two different kinds of small businesses; the life-style business set up to provide an adequate level of income for the founder; and the entrepreneurial business which is founded to grow. OShea (1998) distinguishes between entrepreneurial and non-entrepreneurial small businesses from the perspective of their likely impact on economic equilibrium, with entrepreneurial firms exerting a spontaneous, discontinuous and a qualitative influence, and non-entrepreneurial ones representing a static, inert and quantitative influence. Research Questions: This research aims at identifying the differences between marketing by small firms marketing in SMEs. Will explore the commonalities differences if there are any in marketing in SMEs entrepreneurial marketing. Will try to describe present in an understandable manner the real just of entrepreneurial marketing its characteristics. Studying the market practices in both the manufacturing service SMEs in Multan. Will try to find relationship/relationships in marketing practices (right from product development and selling), relationship with others, entrepreneurial back ground, training and education and growth expectations. Will try to develop a model of marketing in Pakistani SMEs vis-à  -vis their capital restraints. Will also explore the role of human capital social capital in determining the shape of market in SMEs/ Entrepreneurial firms. Will identify areas of future research in this field. Efficacious marketing of the products in market ensures the success of firm. Marketing in SMEs continuously change throughout the life cycle. Interpersonal contacts and 4Is (Information, Identification, Innovation and Interaction) are source of entrepreneur promotion techniques. Customer satisfaction customer orientation have strong association with success of SMEs. WOM (Word of mouth) is most influential way of promotion and its reliability in SMEs. Methodology: Population: SMEs with maximum revenues of 50 million Rs/ Anum will be our population. Firms from retail, manufacturing other service industries will be part of population. However SMEs whose major reliance is exporting will not be part, only those SMEs whos major focus and source of revenue is domestic market are included. Moreover micro enterprises will not be part of population. Sample: 2 or 3 categories of SMEs will be developing based on sales/ number of employees. Firm belonging to service and manufacturing sector will be selected probably the sample size between 15 to 18 case studies with about 5 case studies in each category. Analysis will be templates used by Robert.K.Yin (2003a, 2003b) will be used to develop a theory of small firms/entrepreneurial marketing of firms operating in Multan.

Vaccine :: essays research papers fc

Vaccine Children are one of God's best gifts to people, as watching their children grow is one of the best pleasures people enjoy during their life course. For this reason, parents must take good care of their children during their early years, as they are vulnerable to many diseases due to their weak immunity. There are many diseases, infecting children, that may lead to death such as the polio disease. Scientists found a solution to this problem, by injecting a tiny sample of the virus into the child's blood, in order to stimulate the immune system to fight the disease if the child catches it, which is known as vaccination. However, McTaggart contradicts this by pointing out that vaccination problems far outweigh those of going unvaccinated (1). Therefore, there are many questions concerning the safety and effectiveness of vaccines as opposed to those of going unvaccinated. Vaccines can cause complications that are more harmful than those of going unvaccinated or even the disease itself. Professor of epidemiology at the university of Washington, Dr Russell Alexander, points out that the panel set up to determine the risks of vaccination did not compare it to those of being unvaccinated (qtd in Miller 9). This means that the research done by the panel, which proved vaccination risks to be 'too small to count', contains many weaknesses. McTaggart links the appearance of learning disabilities, autism, and hyperactivity to the beginning of the mass vaccination programs (1). Thus, vaccination is directly related to many diseases, in which some are still unknown. McTaggart adds that the mumps vaccine has proved to be a direct cause of seizures, meningitis, deafness, and encephalitis. (6). These are extremely dangerous and unrecoverable diseases. Dr J Anthony Morris, an immunization specialist formerly of America's 'National Institutes of Health' and 'Food and Drug Administration' says that "In several of the studies, the measles vaccine strain has been recovered from the spines of the victims, showing conclusively that the vaccine caused the encephalitis" (qtd in McTaggart. 5). Thus, this doctor as a medical authority relates the measles vaccine to a deadly disease such as the encephalitis. On the other hand, the risks of catching the disease for unvaccinated children are similar, if not less, to the risks of developing harmful complications due to the vaccine. Therefore, vaccination is more risky to your child than going unvaccinated. In addition to the safety problems, vaccines have also proven to be ineffective among many children. McTaggart reasons the current debate about vaccination to the fact that measles portion of the triple shot is not working (2). This means that children who receive the triple shot, called MMR, which is a short hand for

Anabolic Steroids Use And Abuse Health And Social Care Essay

Anabolic steroids are produced by synthesising the male sex endocrine testosterone ( shown supra ) . The right term for these compounds isA an anabolic-androgenic steroid ( AAS ) – † anabolic † intending muscle-building and â€Å" androgenic † significance increased male sexual features. Anabolic steroids were established in the late thirtiess chiefly to handle hypogonadism ( a status where the testicles do n't do adequate testosterone for growing and development, and sexual operation ) . It was discovered that anabolic steroids could assist the skeletal musculus grow in research lab animate beings. This led the compounds being abused by muscle builders and weightlifters and so by jocks in an effort to heighten their public presentation and/or better their physical appearance.A It has become so widespread in sports that it affects the result of athleticss competitions due to it being prohibited e.g. Lance Armstrong. Illegal steroids are frequently sold at gyms, competitions, and through mail order operations after being smuggled into the state. Most illegal steroids in the United States are smuggled from states that do non necessitate a prescription for the purchase of steroids e.g. . Steroids are besides illicitly took from U.S. pharmaceuticss or synthesized in secret research labs. Other steroids that do n't construct musculus are cortisol, oestrogen, and Lipo-Lutin. They are non anabolic, and hence do non hold the same harmful effects as testosterone.Syringes Doctors prescribe them to assist people with certain sorts of anemia ; steroid endocrine lack i.e. delayed pubescence, and illnesses that consequence in loss of thin musculus mass e.g. malignant neoplastic disease and AIDS. Doctors ne'er suggest anabolic steroids to immature, healthy people to assist them construct musculuss. Therefore without a prescription from a physician, anabolic steroids are illegal. There are many different anabolic-androgenic steroids. Most common 1s taken today: Andro, oxandrin, dianabol, winstrol, deca-durabolin, and balance.What Are the Common Street Names?Juice, gym confect, pumpers, stackers.What are the side effects?Steroid maltreatment can do many unwanted effects and can hold serious, possibly lasting, wellness jobs. In Work force: Baldness, acne Jaundice ( yellowing of tegument or eyes ) Fury, Aggressiveness Heart jobs – unnatural bosom beat ( due to utilize with water pills ) , high blood force per unit area, unstable keeping and/or bosom onslaught, Enlargement of the bosom ‘s left ventricle Development of chest tissue High Cholesterol degrees Permanent liver harm, liver tumors Infertility, increased libido Diabetess Shriveling of the testiss In Womans: Jaundice ( yellowing of tegument or eyes ) Facial hair, acne Heart jobs – unnatural bosom beat ( due to utilize with water pills ) , high blood force per unit area, unstable keeping and/or bosom onslaught, Enlargement of the bosom ‘s left ventricle Effectss on the unborn kid if taken during gestation High Cholesterol degrees Permanent liver harm, liver tumors Problems with periods Enlarged button Diabetess Excessive growing of organic structure hair Male-pattern phalacrosis Voice deepening. Other side effects may include:Musculoskeletal system:Short stature ( if taken by striplings ) Tendon ruptureCardiovascular system:Additions in LDL ; Decreases in HDLLiver:Cancer Purpura hepatisSkin:Oily scalpInfection:HIV/AIDS Hepatitis Most of the side effects usually halt – if drug use Michigans. Associated with many drugs are two effects known as: Tolerance – is a province of opposition to the effects of a drug. These means a individual must take more of the drug to accomplish its original consequence. Withdrawal – is the reaction of the organic structure when regular drug usage has stopped. Therefore people will go on to utilize the drug to forestall these symptoms. Steroid maltreatment can besides hold an consequence on behavior. Many users report experiencing good about them-selves while utilizing anabolic steroids, but research workers report that utmost temper swings besides can happen, including manic-like symptoms taking to force. This is because anabolic steroids act in a portion of the encephalon called the limbic system, which influences temper and is besides involved in larning and memory. Steroids can besides take to feelings of depression. Depression, can be life endangering, frequently is seen when the drugs are stopped and this may explicate why people continue to the them. Researchers besides report that users may endure from paranoia, green-eyed monster, utmost crossness, psychotic beliefs, and impaired judgement stemming from feelings of indomitability. Most informations on the long-run effects of anabolic steroids in worlds come from instance studies instead than proper scientific surveies. From these instance studies, nevertheless, the rate of life endangering effects appears to be low, but serious inauspicious effects may be under-recognized or under-reported, particularly since they may happen many old ages subsequently. Datas from carnal surveies seem to back up this possibility. One survey found that exposing male mice for fifth part of their lifetime to steroid doses comparable to those taken by human jocks caused a high frequence of early deceases.How to diminish side effects of anabolic steroids?The easiest manner to be safe is non to utilize them at all. But if utilizing them one should: Use low doses. Do n't portion acerate leafs or panpipes with other people. Use a clean acerate leaf from an unopened bundle with every injection and do. sure the injection site is unfertile. Avoid utilizing water pills with anabolic steroids. Avoid utilizing other drugs to ‘treat ‘ side effects if they develop. Let your physician know that you are utilizing anabolic steroids and speak about it. Make sure you know precisely what tablets you are taking. If you are non certain what they are, so happen out before you take them. Besides make certain that any tablet you take has non been tampered with. Scientific surveies have shown that anabolic steroids better physical public presentation through the consequence of preparation and diet, which accompanies the usage of the drugs.How Are They Used?Some people who abuse steroids dad pills. Others use subcutaneous acerate leafs to shoot steroids straight into musculuss. Others can be provided in gels or picks that can be applied to the tegument. Doses taken by maltreaters can be 10 to 100 times higher than the doses used for medical conditions.How are anabolic steroids abused?Steroids are abused in forms called â€Å" cycling † . This means taking several doses of steroids over an exact period of clip, followed by a period of remainder ( no drug usage ) , so get downing once more. Users frequently combine legion different types of steroids. This is a procedure called â€Å" stacking. † Abusers typically â€Å" stack † the drugs, intending that they take two or more different anabolic steroids, blending unwritten and/or injectable types. Abusers think that the different steroids interact to bring forth an consequence on musculus size that is greater than the effects of each drug separately. Another manner abusing is known as â€Å" pyramiding. † This is a procedure in which users increase the figure of steroids/the dosage and frequence of one or more steroids used at one clip, making a extremum sum at mid-cycle and so diminishing the dosage toward the terminal of the rhythm. Often, maltreaters pyramid their doses in rhythms of 6 to 12 hebdomads. This is sometimes followed by a 2nd rhythm in which the individual continues to develop but without drugs. Abusers believe that pyramiding allows the organic structure clip to set to the high doses, and the drug-free rhythm allows the organic structure ‘s hormonal system clip to retrieve. No scientific grounds is available for any of the three methods reference above, so the benefits of them are unknown.Why do people mistreat anabolic steroids?There are several grounds why immature people begin utilizing drugs i.e. because of friends/peer force per unit area. Often, immature people believe that decease or other terrible costs of drug usage will non impact them. Adults may hold same grounds as immature people. Equally good as emphasis of life, occupation, and household force per unit areas may take grownups to utilize drugs alleviation and/or assist them loosen up. Peoples besides may utilize drugs for a rush of energy. Others may utilize drugs out of wonder, for a bang, or to arise. Regardless of why drug usage begins, many people continue the utilizing them because they become dependent on the drug. One of the chief grounds for mistreating steroids is to progress athletic public presentation. Harmonizing to studies, merely 6 % of jocks ‘ maltreatment steroids, but subjective information suggests that steroid maltreatment is more widespread. Although proving processs are now in topographic point to discourage steroid maltreatment among professional and Olympic jocks, new interior decorator drugs invariably become available that can get away sensing and set jocks willing to rip off one measure in front of proving attempts. This action to darnel, nevertheless, may be about to switch if the economy of urine and blood samples for retesting at a hereafter day of the month becomes the criterion. The high chance of eventual sensing of the newer interior decorator steroids, one time the engineering becomes available, plus the fright of backdated blessings, should give jocks a better ground non to utilize them. Another ground for taking steroids is to increase musculus size or to cut down organic structure fat. This includes people enduring from the behavioral syndrome called musculus dysmorphia, which causes them to hold a deformed image of their organic structures. Work force with musculus dysmorphia think that they look little and weak, even if they are big and muscular. Similarly, adult females with this status think that they look fat and flabby, even though they are really thin and muscular. Some people who abuse steroids to hike musculus size have experienced physical or sexual maltreatment. In one series of interviews with male weightlifters, 25 % who abused steroids reported memories of childhood physical or sexual maltreatment. Similarly, female weightlifters who had been raped were found to be twice every bit likely to describe usage of anabolic steroids, compared with those who had non been raped. Furthermore, about all of those who had been raped reported that they markedly increased their anaerobic exercise activities after the onslaught. They believed that being bigger and stronger would deter farther onslaughts because work forces would happen them either intimidating or unattractive.Treatment of drug maltreatment:Some physicians use medicine to handle drug dependance. Such medicine alleviations hungering or barricade the consequence of habit-forming drugs. Methadone is normally used as it has similar effects to opiates.Examples of anabolic steroid maltreatment :The United States Anti-Doping Agency ( USADA ) has accused multiple Tour de France title-holder Lance Armstrong of utilizing anabolic steroids, human growing endocrine ( HGH ) , banned corticoids and saline, and plasma injections to dissemble the usage of erythropoietin ( EPO ) . USADA charged him with six offenses covering the usage of prohibited substances, the trafficking of drugs, the disposal of drugs to team-mates and helping and abetting a monolithic cover-up between 1998 and 2005. A sum of 26 informants including 11 fellow riders from the United States Postal Service squad testified to USADA against Armstrong in the doping instance. Sylvester Stallone has used HGH and testosterone to bulk up for his functions in Rocky and Rambo. The Rock has used Testosterone Cypionate 850MG, Tren Enth 500MG, Dianabol 50MG, 600MG Deca, and 60MG Anavar during his WWE calling.Decision:To reason anabolic steroids are utile to handle medicative conditions e.g. low testosterone degrees, but due to the musculus edifice belongingss they are being abused by jocks.

Cool Character in a Chilly Climate Essay

The protagonist in Jack London’s To Build a Fire implies a character that is cool, calm, and collected under the pressures of loneliness and landscape. The text suggests that the man is alone in the Artic wilderness of Alaska with all it’s dangers and natural mysteries. London’s character seems to be a direct contrast to his surroundings, where the land is seemingly limitless and wondrous, the man is limited and admittedly, without imagination. Similarly, in contrast with the timeless and constantly changing character of the natural world is the character of the man, who displays serious calculation and conscious, purposeful action. Though the man does show signs of fear and apprehension, it becomes apparent that he wants to believe that he is stronger than his surroundings and that his feelings do not reflect a defect in his own character. In the end the man meets his demise by realizing that nature is more powerful and swift than man with all his equipment and thoughts. The most important feat for the man becomes the simple ability to build a fire. Early on in the text, it is stated that the man was of no imagination and for this reason had little appreciation for the wilderness and all the elements that he simply noted in his life and on this journey. â€Å"The trouble with him was that he was without imagination. He was quick and alert in the things of life, but only in the things, and not in the significances†. It was, in fact, the significances that the man would learn that were of the greatest consequence. Although, he was warned by an older man to never travel alone, the man paid no mind to this warning and believed that he could conquer nature alone. The man, alone in the wilderness and only in the company of his dog, was also experiencing an emptiness in his thoughts. â€Å"Empty as the man’s mind was of thoughts, he was keenly observant, and he noticed the changes in the creek, the curves and bends and timber-jams, and always he sharply noted where he placed his feet†. The man is one of action and not of much contemplation, even his emotions seem hollow and are compared to the fears that his dog instinctively experiences. But, it is due to this emptiness and lack of appreciation of the severity and vastness of nature and his human nature that leads him to falter and step into the creek, even as observant as he believed he was. It is to build a fire that is the most unnatural and to the man, impossible ability of humankind. The feat of the most primitive men in history was the only thing that could save the man’s life, but he had to surrender to the power and forces of nature. â€Å"He knew there must be no failure. When it is seventy-five below zero, a man must not fail in his first attempt to build a fire–that is, if his feet are wet†. Just as the man had the capacity to know that he must succeed in his attempt to build a fire, knowing this and believing that his ability to think would allow him to conquer nature was his downfall. In conclusion, the man in â€Å"To Build a Fire†, believes himself to be strong and smart, but not imaginative or appreciative of the wilderness around him. He serves as a direct contrast to the world around him, as he uses his watch, matches, and other man-made objects on his journey. With all that his has in his intentions and his arsenal of equipment, he must surrender to the power of nature that knows no time, no mercy, and no limit. Works Cited London, Jack. (1908). â€Å"To Build a Fire† in To Build a Fire and Other Stories (1999). Macmillan